mardi 7 juin 2011

Méthodes de traitement chimiques

Les conservateurs chimiques sont utilisés pour protéger les produits en bambou de la dégradation. Ces méthodes sont bien établies offrant une protection efficace même dans des conditions défavorables.

Traitement au CCA ou Arséniate de cuivre chromé (ou chromaté)"
Comme pour le bois, les produits en bambou sont souvent traités au CCA, imprégnés sous pression en autoclave ou par ébullition avec des substances hautement toxiques comme l'arsénique, qui protèget contre la pourriture.
Méthode sous pression en autoclave

Le CCA s'est montré très efficace mais très toxiques et cancérigène.

D’autres produits sont utilisés comme "arséniate de cuivre ammoniacal" ou ACA. L'ammoniaque facilitant la pénétration dans les tissus, rend ce produit efficace contre les champignons, les bactéries et les insectes.


L’ammoniaque et le cuivre sont des composants très écotoxiques et non dégradables. Ils posent donc problème en fin de vie de l'objet.
Méthode par ébullition
A cause de ces toxines, il est conseillé de ne pas brûler les produits traités, car l’arsénique (qui est un poison) est immédiatement rejeté dans l’atmosphère ambiant.

Depuis les années 1990, ce produit est peu à peu interdit par un nombre croissant de pays et pour un nombre croissant d’usages.
Malheureusement, ces produits sont encore largement utilisés dans certaines usines de transformation de bambou sans trop d’état d’âmes. 


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